Tutorials on Arshad Siddiqui

GIT

Thu, 04 Apr 2024 15:29:34 +0100

Git Cheat Sheet #

🔧 Configuration (One-time setup) #

git config user.name “Your Name”
git config user.email “you@example.com”

Set username and email for commits.

📁 Repository Setup #

git init
git init -b main
git remote add origin

Initialise a repository and connect it to a remote.

🔍 Status & Inspection #

git status
git log
git show
git diff

Check repository state, history, commit details, and differences.

Home Cloud

Mon, 30 Mar 2020 12:29:34 +0100

Banana Pi - Home Cloud (Part - 2) #

Refresh MiniDLNA #

MiniDLNA couldn’t find any new files in my media_dir even though I was adding new files. I think the problem was that my media_dir was set to an external hard drive.

(media_dir=v,/media/ExtHD/x/x). I got it working, here are the steps I used to fix.

sudo service minidlna stop sudo rm -rf /var/cache/minidlna/* sudo nano /etc/minidlna.conf

Bluetooth Speaker

Tue, 13 Nov 2018 20:45:00 +0000

Raspberry Pi : Connect Bluetooth Speaker #

Connecting Raspberry Pi to Mi Pocket Speaker 2

[bluetooth]# power on
Changing power on succeeded
[bluetooth]# agent on
Agent registered
[bluetooth]# scan on
Discovery started
[CHG] Controller B8:27:EB:79:F6:B7 Discovering: yes
[bluetooth]# default-agent
Default agent request successful
[CHG] Device 00:EC:0A:57:F2:65 LegacyPairing: yes
[bluetooth]# list
Controller B8:27:EB:79:F6:B7 raspberrypi [default]
[bluetooth]# devices
Device 5C:72:FE:B7:35:FD 5C-72-FE-B7-35-FD
Device 28:F0:76:0A:B9:7B 28-F0-76-0A-B9-7B
Device 00:EC:0A:57:F2:65 Redmi
[NEW] Device 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71 Mi Pocket Speaker 2
[bluetooth]# pair 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71
Attempting to pair with 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71
[CHG] Device 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71 Connected: yes
[CHG] Device 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71 UUIDs:
 00001108-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
 0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
 0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
 0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
 0000111e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71 Paired: yes
Pairing successful
[CHG] Device 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71 Connected: no
[bluetooth]# info 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71
Device 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71
 Name: Mi Pocket Speaker 2
 Alias: Mi Pocket Speaker 2
 Class: 0x240404
 Icon: audio-card
 Paired: yes
 Trusted: no
 Blocked: no
 Connected: no
 LegacyPairing: yes
 UUID: Headset (00001108-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
 UUID: Audio Sink (0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
 UUID: A/V Remote Control Target (0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
 UUID: A/V Remote Control (0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
 UUID: Handsfree (0000111e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
[bluetooth]# trust 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71
[CHG] Device 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71 Trusted: yes
Changing 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71 trust succeeded
[bluetooth]# info 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71
Device 74:A3:4A:15:DD:71
 Name: Mi Pocket Speaker 2
 Alias: Mi Pocket Speaker 2
 Class: 0x240404
 Icon: audio-card
 Paired: yes
 Trusted: yes
 Blocked: no
 Connected: no
 LegacyPairing: yes
 UUID: Headset (00001108-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
 UUID: Audio Sink (0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
 UUID: A/V Remote Control Target (0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
 UUID: A/V Remote Control (0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
 UUID: Handsfree (0000111e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
[bluetooth]# quit

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install pulseaudio -y
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ mkdir -p scripts
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ vim scripts/autopair
#!/bin/bash
bluetoothctl << EOF
connect [enter your MAC add]
EOF
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ chmod +x !$
chmod +x scripts/autopair
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /boot/config.txt
#dtparam=audio=on
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ vim ~/scripts/on.py
#!/usr/bin/python

Monitor removal of bluetooth reciever #

import sys
import subprocess
import time
def blue_it():
 status = subprocess.call('ls /dev/input/event0 2>/dev/null', shell=True)
 while status == 0:
 print("Bluetooth UP")
 print(status)
 time.sleep(15)
 status = subprocess.call('ls /dev/input/event0 2>/dev/null', shell=True)
 else:
 waiting()
def waiting():
 subprocess.call('killall -9 pulseaudio', shell=True)
 time.sleep(3)
 subprocess.call('pulseaudio --start', shell=True)
 time.sleep(2)
 status = subprocess.call('ls /dev/input/event0 2>/dev/null', shell=True)
 while status == 2:
 print("Bluetooth DOWN")
 print(status)
 subprocess.call('~/scripts/autopair', shell=True)
 time.sleep(15)
 status = subprocess.call('ls /dev/input/event0 2>/dev/null', shell=True)
 else:
 blue_it()
blue_it()
pi@raspberrypi:~ $chmod +x ~/scripts/on.py
pi@raspberrypi:~ $vim ~/.bashrc
pulseaudio --start
wait
~/python/on.py

Reboot #

If the connection fails, remove the device and pair-trust-connect

GitHub

Wed, 07 Nov 2018 21:45:00 +0000

Adding a SSH key to GitHub account #

ls -al ~/.ssh

Generate a key

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C <user mail id>
eval $(ssh-agent -s)
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Clip or copy manually

clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

Go to GitHub, add the public key to settings -

https://github.com/settings/keys

Home | Technology

Dropbox

Thu, 27 Oct 2016 23:45:00 +0000

Dropbox with Raspberry Pi #

Act as root, since I wanted to run the script on startup as a service, so I must setup dropbox for ‘root’ user rather than ‘pi’ -

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo -s
root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# cd /root/

Get the script and link #

root@raspberrypi:~# git clone http://github.com/andreafabrizi/Dropbox-Uploader.git
Cloning into 'Dropbox-Uploader'...

remote: Counting objects: 785, done.
remote: Total 785 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 785
Receiving objects: 100% (785/785), 237.87 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (409/409), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
root@raspberrypi:~# cd Dropbox-Uploader/
root@raspberrypi:~/Dropbox-Uploader# ./dropbox_uploader.sh

This is the first time you run this script, please follow the instructions:

Home Cloud

Sat, 05 Mar 2016 22:51:00 +0000

Banana Pi - Home Cloud #

SSH #

(Enable SSH)

$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server

$ sudo nano /etc/rc.local
/etc/init.d ssh
exit 0

Resize #

(Card on a ubuntu box)

$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7.4 GiB, 7948206080 bytes, 15523840 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x59d0bd13

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/mmcblk0p1 2048 104447 51200 83 Linux
/dev/mmcblk0p2 104448 15523839 7709696 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 7.5 GiB, 7998537728 bytes, 15622144 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x59d0bd13

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 104447 51200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 104448 7167999 3531776 83 Linux

umount /dev/sda2

[bananapi@lemaker ~]$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.24.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2

Partition 2 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:
 p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
 e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (104448-15622143, default 104448): 335872
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (104448-15622143, default 15622143): 

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 7.4 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

pi@bananapi:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2

SAMBA #

(For accessing SSD from Windows PC inside home network on DLNA)

SSH

Sat, 08 Nov 2014 14:08:00 +0000

Execute following 3 commands from PC/Laptop from which you want to login to Raspberry Pi without password.

laptop:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/laptop/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/laptop/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/laptop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
6f:72:4e:e5:f3:81:d4:27:9d:27:06:f0:ce:f1:75:7d laptop
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| . |
| .|
| + A|
| o = o+|
| S = *.+|
| o + o +.|
| . = + . |
| * o . |
| . . |
+-----------------+

NUsing ssh create a directory ~/.ssh as user pi on Raspberry -

laptop:~$ ssh pi@192.168.1.68 mkdir -p .sshpi@192.168.1.68's password:

Append public key to pi@Raspberry:.ssh/authorized_keys and enter pi’s password one last time:

Bootup Script

Mon, 16 Dec 2013 22:45:00 +0000

Bootup script Setup #

Edit Python script, add as first line -

#!/usr/bin/python

Change permissions -

chmod 755 raspiLapseCam.py

That means you can execute it by typing raspiLapseCam.py rather than python raspiLapseCam.py

Then we can use an /etc/init.d script to get it started when the system boots.

Start by copying /etc/init.d/skeleton to /etc/init.d/timelapse -

cd /etc/init.d && sudo cp skeleton timelapse

edit /etc/init.d/timelapse, change lines 23 & 24 to refer to the command ‘/home/pi/raspiLapseCam.py’ -

DESC="Raspberry Pi TimeLapse"
DAEMON=/home/pi/raspiLapseCam.py

Make it executable -

e-mail

Mon, 16 Dec 2013 22:45:00 +0000

E-Mail with Raspberry Pi #

A quick guide to setting up the E-Mail on Raspberry Pi.

Using SSMTP #

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install ssmtp mailutils mpack

Now edit the file /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf as root and add the next lines. Please note that some of the lines already exist and may need to be changed. Others don’t exist yet and need to be added to the end of the file.

Surveillance

Mon, 16 Dec 2013 22:45:00 +0000

Raspberry Pi Surveillance #

One of the hobby projects:

Keep on capturing pictures in a loop, compare current picture with last picture, if the difference in pixel is more than threshold, capture a high resolution image, save it to RAM disk (so that memory card is safe from frequent read write operations), rename the image using date and time; e-mail it with date in subject field.
Run a cron job to delete temporary files older than 20 minutes.
Run the script as service and use another to monitor the service, on failure restart the service.

Python script to detect motion #

(To Do: add git link for the code here))

WiFi

Sat, 14 Dec 2013 22:47:00 +0000

Wi-Fi Set-up for Raspberry Pi #

Make sure your interface file and wpa_supplicant.conf look like the ones below -

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo

iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface default inet dhcp

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1

network={
ssid="YOURSSID"
psk="YOURPASSWORD"

# Protocol type can be: RSN (for WP2) and WPA (for WPA1)
proto=WPA

# Key management type can be: WPA-PSK or WPA-EAP (Pre-Shared or Enterprise)
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK

# Pairwise can be CCMP or TKIP (for WPA2 or WPA1)
pairwise=TKIP

#Authorization option should be OPEN for both WPA1/WPA2 (in less commonly used are SHARED and LEAP)
auth_alg=OPEN
}


pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo reboot

To view all WiFi networks -

Camera

Thu, 12 Dec 2013 22:51:00 +0000

Setting up and enabling the Raspberry Pi camera module along with useful imaging tools.

NFS

Thu, 05 Sep 2013 22:43:00 +0000

How to turn your Raspberry Pi into a simple and effective network file server using Samba.

VNC

Thu, 22 Aug 2013 22:45:00 +0000

A quick guide to installing and using VNC for remote access on Raspberry Pi.

Raspberry Pi

Wed, 24 Jul 2013 10:55:52 +0100

Raspberry Pi Setup #

Steps I followed to set-up my raspberry Pi with Raspbian

Also configure -

XBMC (for playing videos)
NFS (to access external hard drive from any device in the house)
VNC viewer (to access the desktop from any device in the house)

Format SD Card #

Windows

Download SD Formatter
Install SD Formatter and run the software
Set “FORMAT SIZE ADJUSTMENT” to ON in the Options menu.
Make sure you have selected the Drive your SD Card is inserted in
Format the memory card

Linux

Use gparted (or the command-line version parted if you prefer), if you don’t have it, install it as you usually would.
Format the entire disk as FAT / FAT16 (make sure you select the correct disk)

Install OS #

NOOBS

Tutorials on Arshad Siddiqui

GIT

Git Cheat Sheet #

🔧 Configuration (One-time setup) #

📁 Repository Setup #

🔍 Status & Inspection #

Home Cloud

Banana Pi - Home Cloud (Part - 2) #

Refresh MiniDLNA #

Bluetooth Speaker

Raspberry Pi : Connect Bluetooth Speaker #

Monitor removal of bluetooth reciever #

Reboot #

GitHub

Adding a SSH key to GitHub account #

Dropbox

Dropbox with Raspberry Pi #

Get the script and link #

Home Cloud

Banana Pi - Home Cloud #

SSH #

Resize #

SAMBA #

SSH

SSH login to Raspberry Pi without password #

Bootup Script

Bootup script Setup #

e-mail

E-Mail with Raspberry Pi #

Using SSMTP #

Surveillance

Raspberry Pi Surveillance #

Python script to detect motion #

WiFi

Wi-Fi Set-up for Raspberry Pi #

Camera

NFS

VNC

Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi Setup #

Format SD Card #

Install OS #